Betting Math

Hold

The percentage of total money wagered that the sportsbook keeps as profit. Related to but not identical to overround.

Also known as: hold percentage, market hold, sportsbook hold

Definition

Hold (or hold percentage) represents how much of the total handle a sportsbook retains as profit. While related to vig/overround, hold is an ex-post measure — it depends on how the betting action is distributed across outcomes.

A market with a 5% overround might have a 2% actual hold if action is balanced, or 8%+ if it's heavily one-sided. The theoretical hold from a -110/-110 market is about 4.5%.

Some books also use 'hold' loosely to mean overround. In our tools, the Hold Calculator shows the market's overround/margin.

Formula

theoreticalHold = 1 - (1 / sumOfImpliedProbabilities)

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